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Any device that emits light and runs on electricity needs to be fixed and current supplied to the filament. For this, a plinth is used – a structural element of a certain shape. Its dimensions and device depend on the characteristics of the lamp. Lamp bases have a certain marking and classification. Consider the main types of these elements in order to confidently navigate when buying lighting fixtures.

Letter and number markings

Most often, the marking consists of two or three letters of the Latin alphabet and numbers, but it can be more:

Symbol table:

There are also more complex markings. Sometimes after the first letter put the second capital. It indicates the type of lamp or feature of the base:

Lamp bases are different in design and shape. In addition to transmitting current, they often perform the function of fasteners.

Threaded (E)

These are the most common types of lamp bases. The design is a screw aluminum case. Inside it are wires, insulator, contacts. The lamp is threaded into the cartridge. This ensures a secure fit and good contact.

Initially, this base was used on incandescent lamps. But later, new sources of light appeared. Now it is widely used in LED and fluorescent lamps. Main sizes and applications:

There are other sizes of threaded connectors that are common in other countries (E17).

Male (G)

In such a device, the contacts protrude in the form of two pins, sometimes they come out directly from the glass case. In a certain position, the flask is held by a ledge of a special shape or the contact legs themselves. Most often, this mount is used in halogen, LED light sources. In tubular fluorescent lamps, these types of socles are used, located at both ends of the bulb.

The number in the designation of the pin base indicates the size in millimeters between the pins, which may differ in shape. They are made thin and strong. For lamps with G4, G5.3, G13 bases, they are made in the form of two pins, for G9 they are bent into two loops.

Sometimes the pins are made thick. The GU10 base has cylindrical pins with thickened ends. With their help, the light source is fixed in the cartridge, for which it is slightly rotated when inserted.

With recessed contacts (R)

Such socles are placed in lamps of an elongated shape (linear). The element is double and consists of plastic protrusions from the body. On both ends there are recesses where the contacts are placed. The tightness of the connection is ensured by a spring mechanism located in the cartridge.

Most often, these socles are placed in the following lamps:

Linear devices have high power, so they are used to illuminate a large area. They are placed in spotlights or special lamps, using special connectors, on various objects:

The number in the designation of this lamp base indicates the diameter of the pins (mm).

Pin (bayonet) (B)

A lamp with a pin base is held by two metal protrusions located on the cylindrical body. To connect, they are inserted into the cutouts of the cartridge, the device is slightly rotated and fixed in a certain place. A spring-loaded contact presses from below, due to this, fixation occurs.

Such a mount ensures accurate focusing of light in a certain direction and prevents contact breakage due to vibration. For these reasons, such devices are actively used in automotive lighting.

In the marking, in addition to the main letter B, there are others:

Soffit (S)

A soffit base is placed in elongated lamps. It consists of two cylindrical contacts located at the ends of the bulb of the light source. The name comes from the original scope – in stage lighting spotlights. Today they are used not only in theaters, but also in the lighting of shop windows, bathrooms, mirrors, cars.

These light bulbs are quite miniature, which allows you to reduce the size of the lamp. The number in the marking indicates the diameter of the end contact.

Flanged (P)

Such a device ensures that the filament is in the exact position. This is done in order to direct the light in the right direction. Additionally, special lenses or spherical reflectors are used to focus the rays.

The flanged (focusing) tip has a complex structure, the designs of different manufacturers differ. When choosing, you need to focus on the model of the device (machine) where such a lamp is installed, the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Lamps with this type of base are used in cars, navigation equipment, movie cameras, flashlights.

Telephone (T)

This type of plinth is less common than those described above. This is a device for connecting and fixing light sources of low power. The telephone base is a small protrusion of a certain shape from the bottom end of the bulb. This part is made of heat-resistant plastic, since the light bulb can heat up to a temperature of 100–130 ˚С and even higher. Usually in oblong recesses there are flat contacts or wires.

The lamp base is inserted into the corresponding hole of the socket and fixed by friction or with a special clamp. In some designs, holding is carried out by spring contacts.

Lamps with such bases are placed in automation panels, control panels, for lighting devices, electrical fittings. The number in the marking indicates the diameter of the plastic protrusion in inches.

Cable (C)

The cable connector is made in the form of two protrusions on opposite sides of the lamp, from which flexible wires exit, ending with a contact bracket. Connection to the electrical network is carried out using screw connections or connectors. This is done to ensure good contact, since light bulbs with a cable base have a large power, the current in the circuit reaches large values.

Such light sources are used in specialized installations: projection equipment, greenhouse (greenhouse) lighting, flood light systems, etc.

For xenon lamps (H)

Xenon lamps are widely used in automotive lighting. For the effective use of these devices, reliable and accurate fixation in a certain position, as well as ensuring a good connection to the electrical circuit, is necessary. Cartridges for them have a complex design, but provide a reliable connection.

The design of lamp bases varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. To navigate the variety of products, each subtype of a particular model was assigned a specific number, which is written after the letter H. There are several markings without letters: 880, 9006, 9012 and others. The selection of the necessary lamps is carried out according to car models and reference books.

Baseless lamps (W)

The very name of such light bulbs says that they do not have a base. Sometimes users in the search engine mistakenly write “baseless”, but the meaning does not change from this. Their flask has a small glass protrusion from which bent or straight contact wires emerge. When connected, the protruding element is inserted into the hole of the cartridge and held by spring contacts.

The numerical value in the marking of baseless lamps expresses the thickness of the protrusion in millimeters with one wire entry: W3w. Such light sources are most often used in festive garlands and in cars.

Exceptions and peculiarities in determining the type of lamp base

Sometimes in the description, instead of designating the base, the parameters of the light bulb are indicated:

Conclusion

In his life, a person actively uses electric lighting, so you need to know what connectors for lamps exist in order to make the correct replacement. Such an operation should not cause difficulties. Popular 220 V incandescent lamps often have a threaded base (E). In fluorescent, LED or other light sources, these elements may be different. If you have any doubts about the selection of basement devices, their sizes, it is better to contact a consultant or specialist.

The base is a part of the lamp, with the help of which an electric current is supplied to it and the lamp is attached to the lamp shade. Different luminaires use different types of bases, and each socket can only be installed with a lamp with the base specified in the accompanying documentation. A lamp with an incorrectly selected base simply will not be installed in the lamp and will not work. The two main groups into which the whole variety of socles can be divided are threaded and pin. Threaded ones are more popular among consumers; this type can be found in the lamps of fixtures in most homes. The first letter in the name of the socle determines its type. According to the letter marking, the types of plinths include: – E – Edison threaded plinth; – G – pin base; – R – base with recessed contacts; – B – pin base (bayonet). The letter is followed by a number indicating the size of the base or the distance between the contacts. For example, E27 means that the screw-in diameter is 27 mm. In addition, lowercase letters may be present in the marking, which indicate the number of connecting contacts or plates: – s – 1 contact; – d – 2 contacts; – t – 3 contacts; – q – 4 contacts; – p – 5 contacts. Edison E threaded plinth. As the name suggests, this type of plinth was invented by Thomas Edison in 1909. Its convenience lies in the quick installation of the lamp into the lamp by screwing it into the socket. The Exx marking indicates the size in millimeters. The most common models are the E27 and E14, called “minion”. Due to their popularity, now these bases are used not only in incandescent lamps, but also in such as fluorescent, energy-saving and others. Pin base G. In the pin base, the lamp is connected to the socket by inserting special pins into the sockets intended for them. The numbers in the marking after the letter indicate the distance between the centers of the pins, if there are two of them, or the diameter of the circle on which the pins are located, if there are three or more of them. Additional letters U, X, Y, Z define the modification of the entire structure. The letter U is placed in energy-saving lamps, the letter X – in spotlights with directional light. GY and GZ sockets are rare and only found in special purpose lamps. All of these sockets are not interchangeable. The G4 base is used in small 12V or 24V halogen lamps. The G5 base is used in tubular fluorescent lamps with a bulb diameter of 16 mm. The GU5.3 (MR16) base is used in household luminaires for recessed lighting. Lamps with such a base can also be installed in lampholders designed for GX5.3. But GX5.3 lamps cannot be installed in a GU5.3 socket. Pin base (bayonet) B. The body of this base is equipped with special pins for installation in a cartridge. The numbers in the marking indicate the outer size of the base in millimeters. Its feature is the presence of asymmetric side contacts that fix the lamp in the cartridge in a strictly specified way to focus the light flux. In some countries, abbreviations are used instead of measurements in millimeters: – BC – Bayonet Cap (Bayonet base) = B22d, Russian designation 2Sh22; – SBC – Small Bayonet Cap (Small Bayonet Base) = B15d, Russian designation 2Sh15; – MBC or MBB – Miniature Bayonet Cap / Base (Miniature Bayonet Base) = Ba9s, Russian designation 1Ш9.

WHAT IS A PLATE

Under the base is meant, in a certain sense, an adapter between the cartridge and the lighting device. It provides a secure fixation of the flask with the contents in a specific connector that is connected to a power source.

Externally, the case may look like a sealed box, in which the contacts are completely hidden. An example is the invention of Edison. Most of the variations are represented by a block from which metal pins, plates, wires stand out, which are responsible for conducting energy from the cartridge to diodes or filaments.

Inside the simplest base

HOW TO DETECT WHICH LAMP BASE IS

Many lighting fixtures cannot be confused with anything. These products include most automotive lamps, table lamps with two pairs, linear for spotlights. If some parameter is forgotten, then there are always tips on the base, cartridge or equipment. For example, mains voltage, permissible power, type of base (full marking).

If from time to time or due to active use of the device the necessary information is not available, then there are several options. You can take a photo and seek advice from a specialist regarding machines or electricians. Other methods involve dismantling the cartridge or bringing small-sized equipment directly to the trading floor.

FEATURES

The dimensions of the plinths are not always directly proportional to the required output luminous flux. For example, E40 has a coil diameter of 40 mm, and R7, only 7 mm. And the output power of the first reaches a result of 1000 W, the second can shine at all 1500 W.

The marking of the socles of all light bulbs is represented by uppercase, lowercase letters and numbers. The number refers to geometric characteristics. The Latin alphabet means the following:

How marking is done.

Marking is a combination of a letter or several letters at the front and a number at the end. The type is determined by the letter in front:

E – Threaded base (sometimes called an Edison screw);

G – Pin base;

R – Base, which has recessed contacts;

B – Pin base;

S – Soffit base;

P – Focusing type cap;

T – Telephone type base;

K – Cable plinth;

W – baseless lamp.

Also, after these letters, information about the subtype of the lamp that is used can be indicated:

U – Bulb operating in energy-saving mode;

V – Plinth, which has a conical end;

A – Car lamp.

The letters are followed by numbers that indicate (in mm) the diameter of the base or the distance between its contacts.

If after you see another letter, this is the number of contacts (s means 1, d – 2, t – 3, q ​​- 4, p – 5).

TYPES OF SOCLES AND THEIR MARKING

Whatever the choice of socles, among the variety, today the leading position is in a conventional light bulb with a tungsten filament. It has a screw base with a diameter of 27 mm. Marked as E27. They do not displace, but pin, baseless and linear analogues with recessed contacts are gaining popularity. There are other specialized and universal options.

What is the base of an ordinary light bulb – e27

THREADED (E)

An invention that has several authors, but is known as the Edison base, is represented by an aluminum screw case and working elements inside it. The latter include an insulator, contacts, wires.

Within the group, only the diameter is taken as the basis for the classification of socles. So, 14, 27 and 40 mm are popular in Russia. They work from a network of 230 or 380 V.

Light bulbs with a base diameter of 5, 10 or 12 mm are less noticeable in everyday life. They operate on 24V (e5) or 230V. In a number of European countries, the voltage reaches only 110V, so our standards will not fit them. Socles e17 and e26 are popular there.

Classification of Edison sockets

The scope of application has practically no restrictions. It can be Christmas decorations, household appliances, decorative appliances.

Most often, lamps with a threaded base are used to illuminate any area. For example, a sconce, chandelier, street or pocket lamp.

BAYONE (G)

The most common subspecies of this group is the G4 base. Contact elements are represented by two pins that are simply inserted into the cartridge.

G4 features include the following:

Burnt G4 Bulb

G4 sockets are used in the furniture industry for lighting, decorative lighting of showcases, paintings and mirrors. Table lamps, multi-track chandeliers, flashlights are also popular. Outside of Russia, GU4 and GY4 are more commonly used. They differ in the distance between the pins up or down.

The following types of plinths are available with G marking:

Slightly less popular than G4 are GU5.3 and GH5.3 bases. The scope extends to recessed lighting. The peculiarity is that both lamps of this type are suitable for GX5.3.

Concerning contact pins, there are rounded wires and tails with bulges. The former are also simply inserted into the cartridge, and the distance between the sockets exceeds 9.5 mm. The second ones are produced in China for the most part: GU10, GX10. Such lamps for contact with cartridges need to be turned a little.

Bent wire pins

DESK 2G11

Externally, similar lamps are similar to G23. In both cases, the flask has an elongated shape. Only the two-pin base has a small protrusion for more secure fixation of the lamp in the socket.

A distinctive feature of 2G11 is the presence of two pairs of pins. These types of fluorescent lamps in the base design also have a starter and a capacitor. And the flask is represented by a U-shaped hollow tube. Due to the long service life and easy installation, the products are used in industrial and desktop appliances for frequent use.

WITH DEEP CONTACT R

The so-called linear lamps are used for lighting with spotlights (lighthouse, stadium, construction site).

They are also used in car headlights. The design of the product is represented by a glass tube, at the ends of which there are contacts. Connection to the network by means of cartridges occurs due to built-in spring mechanisms.

Devices are made in 4 variants:

R7s lamps are considered popular in their subgroup. Less well known are Rx7s. The difference between them lies in the method of fastening. The diameter of the pins remains unchanged at 7 mm.

SOFIT PIN (S)

Cartridges for such a base are more common in stage equipment (S19s), in car interior lighting, bathrooms.

Often S6, S7 or S8.5 lamps are used for decorative purposes. For example, highlighting the house number, dashboard, mirrors.

Like linear lamps, this subspecies is also equipped with two contacts. But there are options with a single base. In any case, its diameter does not exceed 19 mm.

FOCUSING (P)

A distinctive feature of this lamp is the presence of a lens. Thanks to this element, the light flux is focused on a specific point. This ability is actively used in the assembly of film projectors, flashlights, navigation equipment, as well as in the automotive industry.

The flanged base has another advantage. In relation to the cartridge, the lamp can be installed in the desired position. Contact pins are in the form of perforated plates or bars in an oval body.

TELEPHONE (T)

Low power lamps are used as indicators. Often devices have batteries as a power source. These are remote controls, lighting in sockets and switches, and an on-board panel.

TYPE W

Lamps marked W do not have a base as such. The seat is a flask. One of the ends is flat. This is the place for crimping contact wires. Vivid examples of application are New Year’s garlands and car turn signals.

Varieties of lamps

In this subsection, we will consider the main types of lamps today, in everyday life and in production. So, let’s start in order.

Incandescent lamps

They are installed in fixtures that are simple in terms of design and are inexpensive. Despite the classicism and popularity, it has a serious drawback – the formation of vapors inside the lamp. For this reason, the flask becomes cloudy, and at the same time the brightness of the light is lost. However, the color rendering index of this lamp is 90%. In the spectrum of the lamp, the main shades are yellow, which is why the light of the lamp is most like sunlight. Incandescent lamps usually have sockets E14 and E27.

Different types of lamps

Reflector lamps differ from incandescent lamps in their silver-plated surface. Thanks to this, they give a directional color. These lamps also have models with diameters of 14 and 27 mm, there are R50 and R63, and even R80.

Halogen lamps

The shelf life of such a lamp is 4000 hours. Incandescent lamps have a lifespan of 1000 hours. Plus, it has a color rendering index greater by as much as 10% – and is 100%. The light output of the lamp is 20 to 30 lumens per watt.

When compared with incandescent lamps, the light output of halogen lamps is maintained throughout the entire process of use.

These lamps have more variety and can be used for more applications. They are also smaller than incandescent bulbs. Their designation of socles is: G4, G9, R7S and GU 10.

Fluorescent lamps

The models of these lamps are also referred to as energy-saving ones, since with their help you can save a lot on electricity bills. They are now very popular on the market, it is not difficult to replace old incandescent lamps with them.

There are many different capacities and different shapes to choose from. Their service life is longer than that of the two previous types, the efficiency is higher. But do not forget that lamps with a phosphor inside are not designed for frequent switching on and off.

Due to their shape, fluorescent lamps are also called tubular. The base of such lamps is designated by the letter T, the diameter of the base is indicated in inches. It should be decoded like this, T4 is a 4/8 inch diameter, T5 is a 5/8 inch diameter, etc.

LED lamps

In terms of energy saving, they are an even better option than fluorescent ones, while having several times longer shelf life.

Some models of LED lamps can last up to 100,000 hours! And this, for a moment, is almost 10 and a little more years of work without a break!

At the same time, these lamps have a light output of almost 100% and a fairly high efficiency. Due to a more successful design than that of lamps containing a phosphor, frequent switching on and off does not threaten them with breakage or failure.

Examples of designations for lamps and sockets

LED lamps can also be used with standard sockets, as well as in rooms subject to temperature conditions, since the LEDs in them almost do not heat up.

They do not tire the eyes, because unlike fluorescent lamps, LED lamps do not have a strong flicker frequency. In terms of price, I must say, they have also caught up with their counterparts for a long time, including cheaper incandescent lamps.

Base – an element necessary for fixing a lamp in a socket and supplying electric current to it. The counterpart for the lamp base is called the socket. To fix the light bulb in the socket, it is necessary that the base of the lamp and the socket are of the same type. The plinth is usually made of metal, but is sometimes made of plastic, ceramic/ceramic parts, or even glass.

The lamp base and socket must ensure the insulation of the conductors from each other, the mechanical strength of the connection, and withstand the temperature when the lamp is in operation. Cartridges made from ceramic (usually electrical porcelain) can withstand much higher temperatures than carbolite cartridges or those made from other plastics. The electrical contacts in the socket must be able to withstand operating currents and ensure reliable electrical contact with the lamp base. If the exact position of the lamp is important (for example, in a movie projector or at the focus of a reflector), then the cartridge has structural elements that ensure positioning accuracy.

Incandescent lamp leads are often soldered to the base with soft solders, so the temperature of the socket and base during lamp operation should not exceed the melting point of the solder (i.e., be below 180 °C). It is also necessary to take into account the thermal expansion of the nodes over the entire temperature range, therefore often cartridges have provided elastic elements, including spring contacts.

The most common faults in the base-chuck connection are caused by overheating of the cartridge, loss of spring properties by the contacts, oxidation of the contacts. Sometimes the base in the cartridge “turns sour” and an attempt to replace such a lamp ends with the fact that the base comes off the lamp bulb and remains in the cartridge. A defective cartridge causes flickering and sparking of the lamps.

By the way, there are also baseless lamps – this is a highly specialized variety designed to organize a car lighting system (bulbs H10, HB3, D1S).

DECRYPTION OF THE MARKING OF THE PLATE

The first letter indicates the type of base:

E – threaded base (Edison)
G – pin base
R – base with recessed contact
B – pin base (Bayonet)
F – base with one pin
a – cylindrical pin
b – knurled pin
c – special shaped pin
S – soffit base
K – plinth with cable connections
H – socle for xenon lamps
P – focusing base
T – telephone base
W – base, in which electrical contact with the cartridge is carried out directly through the current inputs located on the glass base of the lamp.

The numbers next to the letter of the base designation are the outer diameter of the threaded connection in millimeters or the distance between the contacts in millimeters. For example, GX53 where 53mm is the distance between the pins

The letters after the diameter (or distance) indicate the number of contact plates, pins or flexible connections:

s – one contact
d – two contacts
t – three contacts
q – four contacts
p – five contacts

For some types of plinths, one more letter is added to clarify:

U – energy-saving light bulb;
V – base with a conical end;
A – car lamp.

An example of deciphering the lamp base: E14U – an energy-saving lamp with a threaded base, 14 mm in diameter.

If we divide lamp bases globally, then they can be divided into two groups: threaded bases and bases with surface contacts (bayonets, recessed contacts, etc.)

THREADED (OR SCREW) PLATE E

Edison base is the most popular type of base. This is the base of a conventional incandescent lamp. This is the most convenient base to use and is currently used not only in incandescent lamps, but also in LED and energy-saving lamps. In addition, the lamp with an E-base is notable for its size – it is light in weight.

This type of base is found in the following variations: E5, E10, E12, E14, E17, E26, E27, E40. But the most popular are E14, E27, E40

Lamps with E27 base are the most common type of base in everyday life. Lamps with an E27 base are most often used in chandeliers, ceiling lamps, wall and table lamps.

The E14 base is the second most popular type of base in everyday life. Lamps with an E14 base are often called “minions” in everyday life. In almost any apartment there is a place where lamps with such a base are installed. Most often it is a kitchen, toilet or bathroom, corridor.

Lamps with E40 base are the largest base in the “E” type category. Most often, lamps with an E40 base have high power and are used in industrial and street lighting.

In America, standard plinth sizes are completely different than in Europe. This is due to the fact that the voltage in the network is 110 V. In order not to accidentally screw in a European light bulb, you need to remember that they have a different diameter: E12, E17, E26 and E39.

PIN SOCKET G

This type of base does not use a screw thread, but a pin system for connecting the lamp to the socket. The pins hold the instrument in the chuck because they are inserted very tightly into the chuck. The G pin base is used for various types of lamps, ranging from small halogen lamps to ceiling fluorescent lamps. Since there are many pin bases with a difference between the contacts of only a few millimeters, it is easy to confuse them, but this should not be done. The designation in numbers after the letter G corresponds to the distance in millimeters between the contacts.

For bases of this type, additional designations are often used to indicate non-interchangeable lamp modifications: U, X, Y, Z. Bases G5.3, GX5.3 and GU5.3 have a difference in the length of the contacts and their width. It is the GX5.3 and GU5.3 that have the same size contacts, but the GU5.3 has additional slots on the case. G U5.3 is used in 12V lamps.

The G5 base is installed in tubular energy-saving fluorescent lamps with a bulb diameter of 12.5 or 16 mm. In domestic conditions, they are used quite rarely.

The GU5.3 base is most commonly found in halogen and LED lamps in the MR16 size, which are used in niche lighting, household, decorative and display lighting. Typically, these lamps are powered by 220V (AC) or 12V (AC/DC). By the way, this base is very popular among LED lamps.

Lamps with a GU10 turn-and-pin base also have a standard size MR16, are inserted into the socket and rotated until it stops in a special lock. Therefore, they are used where, due to vibration or external influences, other lamps can fall out. Lamps with a GU10 base are usually powered from a 220V (AC) mains supply.

Externally, lamps with GU10 and GU5.3 bases differ only in the thickness and appearance of the pins.

The G4 base is designed for miniature lamps with MR11 body, which are widely used for decorative lighting applications due to their bright spot light. These are mainly low-voltage lamps for 12 / 24V, but there are also 220V (AC). The advantages of these lamps are manifested primarily in recessed ceiling luminaires and flexible lighting systems.

The G6.35 base is very similar to the previous ones. The distance between the pins is 6.35 mm. The power supply of such lamps usually comes from an alternating current 220V (AC).

The G9 base is also a pin base, in the form of two elongated wire loops with a distance between the pins of 9 mm. Lamps with a G9 base are used in accent and decorative lighting fixtures, and recently they are often found in home chandeliers. The pin base is very convenient to use – the installation and replacement of lamps is quick and easy.

G13 base – pin base with 13 mm pin spacing. Lamps with this base are most often installed in lamps such as Armstrong, LPO, LVO, LSP and others.

T8 tubular fluorescent and LED lamps have the same G13 base and are identical.

The G23 base is a base with 23 mm pin spacing. Lamps with this base are often used in table lamps, shower and bathroom fixtures. The base sockets of such lamps have special holes for mounting in ordinary wall lamps.

The GX53 base is often used for suspended and stretch ceilings in residential and office buildings due to the small height of lamps with such a base (28 mm). Such lamps also turn all the way with a special lock (like lamps with a GU10 base). The distance between the centers of the pins is 53 mm. Lamps with a GX53 base usually operate on 220V AC and do not need any transformers. To connect such lamps, a lamp suitable for the base is usually sufficient; additional cartridges are not required.

The GX70 base is the “big brother of the GX53 base”. It is absolutely similar to it with the only difference that the distance between the centers of the pins is 70 mm.

The G53 lamp is used in areas where directional lighting is required, such as creating accent lighting for objects in salesrooms, restaurants, exclusive boutiques and galleries, high-ceilinged rooms, stage. A lamp with such a base is most often used in luminaires with a swivel lamp type “gimbal”.

Types and sizes of bayonet bases and their applicability in various lamps:

Recessed contact type (R). It has been widely used mainly in machinery that operates at high intensity with AC power. The main representatives of lamps with R7s base are quartz halogen lamps, which are used in high-intensity lighting installations. Such lamps are light and small, they are used in alternating current networks 220V, 50Hz. It is worth noting that after the designation of the base R7s, the numbers 78 or 118 are indicated. They show the total length of the lamp in mm.

Pin base B. This type of base evolved from the evolution of the Edison base. It was developed in order to speed up the process of replacing light bulbs and make them more compact. Its characteristic feature is the asymmetric side contacts, with which the lamp is fixed in the holder (cartridge) in a strictly specified position, for example, to focus the light flux in car spiral lamps of “near-far” light.

Soffit base S. The double-sided S soffit base is generally used in bathroom lighting, mirror lighting or vehicle and license plate lighting. Contacts in it are located symmetrically on both sides. The numbers indicate the diameter of the body (S6, S7, S8.5). For example, S19 is a soffit base with a body diameter of 19 mm; S14s is a soffit base with a diameter of 14 mm and one contact.

P focusing base. This type of base is used in navigation lights, movie projectors, spotlights and lanterns. With the help of a prefabricated lens, which is placed inside the base, the light flux is focused in a given direction. The numbers in the base type marking indicate the diameter of the focusing flange or the part of the base body on which the lamp is mounted horizontally. For example, the P20d base is a focusing base with a focusing flange diameter of 20 mm and two pins.

Telephone base T. This type of base is used mainly for lighting in control panels and automation panels. It is equipped with a small light bulb. The numbers indicate the outer width measured on the contact plates. For example, the T5.5 base has dimensions of 5.5x30mm, while:

Cable base K. Non-standard base used in some projection lamps

Without base type W. Contact with the socket is made directly through the current inputs, which are located on the glass base of the lamp. The numbers indicate the total thickness of the glass part with one current input. This is followed by the multiplication sign and the width of the base of the base in millimeters.

To date, there are a number of non-standard bases, for example, special bases for xenon lamps, denoted by the letter H and numbers in accordance with the modification.

The situation when the lamp type is indicated instead of the cap